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316L (UNS S31603) is a chromium-nickel molybdenum austenitic stainless steel developed to provide improved corrosion resistance to 304L in moderately corrosive environments. It is frequently utilized in process streams containing chlorides or halides.
The addition of molybdenum improves general corrosion and chloride pitting resistance. It also provides higher creep, stress-to-rupture, and tensile strength at elevated temperatures. 316L resists atmospheric corrosion, as well as moderately oxidizing and reducing environments.
It is common practice for 316L to be dual certified as 316 and 316L. The low carbon chemistry of 316L combined with nitrogen enables it to meet the mechanical properties of Grade 316 while maintaining excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion in the as-welded condition.
Weight % (Maximum values unless range is indicated)
| Element | Cr | Ni | Mo | C | Mn | P | S | Si | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 316L % | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2.0-3.0 | 0.03 max | 2.0 max | 0.045 max | 0.03 max | 0.75 max | 0.1 max |
Mechanical Properties (Minimum Typical Values)
| Property | 0.2% Offset Yield Strength | Tensile Strength | Elongation (2") | Hardness (Rockwell B) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 30 ksi min | 75 ksi min | 40% min | 95 max |
Hot Working: Recommended temperatures are 1700 - 2200°F (927 - 1204°C). For maximum corrosion resistance, anneal at 1900°F (1038°C) minimum and rapid cool/water quench.
Cold Forming: The alloy is quite ductile and forms easily. Cold working increases strength and hardness, and may leave the material slightly magnetic.
Machining: Best results are achieved with slower speeds, heavier feeds, sharp tooling, and excellent lubrication to manage work hardening.
